species

Gryllus (Gryllus) pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838

Pennsylvania Field Cricket; Fall Field Cricket

Gryllus (Gryllus) pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838: spectrogram, 2s of calling song at 27.4°C (from SWH-2010-01a); Illinois, Champaign Co., Aug. 2010. (Otu).

Gryllus (Gryllus) pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838: Recording # SWH-2010-01a. 6 seconds of calling at 27.4 C, USA: Illinois,Champaign Co. 44d05m3sN, 88d16m31sW, 220m asl, 08.viii.2010,2216hrs. (Otu).

CollectionObject 1500730; 69124651-4ae0-4cc4-97ac-1a639b69e6dc: female, lateral view (paralectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1500730; 69124651-4ae0-4cc4-97ac-1a639b69e6dc: female, dorsal view (paralectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1500730; 69124651-4ae0-4cc4-97ac-1a639b69e6dc: female, frontal view (paralectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1500730; 69124651-4ae0-4cc4-97ac-1a639b69e6dc: labels (paralectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1502524; c6b0d2cd-d070-4844-8053-818743fcc54f: male, lateral view (lectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1502524; c6b0d2cd-d070-4844-8053-818743fcc54f: male, dorsal view (lectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1502524; c6b0d2cd-d070-4844-8053-818743fcc54f: male, frontal view (lectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1502524; c6b0d2cd-d070-4844-8053-818743fcc54f: labels (lectotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1522792; 68fb5191-e292-4c6c-80c2-c60bf2803768: Female, dorsal view (SYNONYM holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1522792; 68fb5191-e292-4c6c-80c2-c60bf2803768: Female, lateral view (SYNONYM holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1522792; 68fb5191-e292-4c6c-80c2-c60bf2803768: Female, ventral view (SYNONYM holotype). (CollectionObject).

CollectionObject 1522792; 68fb5191-e292-4c6c-80c2-c60bf2803768: Female, labels (SYNONYM holotype). (CollectionObject).

Nomenclature (64)

Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838: 336.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838: 335.
... Show all ... (60)

Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838: 734.
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841: 123.
Syntype; d9ef4381-96ed-4b2c-9a4c-5448e2c1edc9; deposited at: Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ); United States: Massachusetts
Gryllus angustus Scudder, 1862: 427.
Holotype; female; 68fb5191-e292-4c6c-80c2-c60bf2803768; deposited at: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP); United States: Massachusetts
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 in Lord, 1866: 265.
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 (subjective synonym of Gryllus niger Saussure, 1877) in Walker, 1869: 17.
Acheta pennsylvanica (Burmeister, 1838) in Scudder, 1869: 3.
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 (subjective synonym of Gryllus niger Saussure, 1877) in Packard, 1870: 564.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Saussure, 1877: 317.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 in Saussure, 1877: 317.
Gryllus pennsylvanica Burmeister, 1838 in Scudder, 1878: 81.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Fernald, 1888: 15.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 in Fernald, 1888: 15.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Davis, 1889: 79.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 in Davis, 1889: 79.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Blatchley, 1891: 134.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Beutenmüller, 1894: 265.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Beutenmüller, 1894: 265.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Scudder, 1901: 269.
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 in Scudder, 1901: 4.
Acheta pennsylvanica (Burmeister, 1838) in Scudder, 1901: 4.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Scudder & Cockerell, 1902: 59.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Scudder, 1902: 293.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Scudder & Cockerell, 1902: 59.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Rehn, 1903: 33.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Caudell, 1903: 809.
Gryllus arenaceus Blatchley, 1903: 434.
Syntype; female; 503ee17f-82f0-49c6-9b62-3d8c6d7e3945; United States: Indiana
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Caudell, 1903: 809.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Rehn, 1904: 575.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 in Kirby, 1906: 35.
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 (subjective synonym of Gryllus niger Saussure, 1877) in Kirby, 1906: 35.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 in Rehn, 1907: 212.
Gryllus assimilis pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Blatchley, 1920: 702.
Gryllus assimilis pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Folsom, 1934
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1957: 588.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1957: 286.
Gryllus angustus Scudder, 1862 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1957: 286.
Gryllus arenaceus Blatchley, 1903 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1957: 586.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1957: 286.
Acheta pennsylvanica (Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1957: 586.
Acheta pennsylvanicus (Burmeister, 1838) in Alexander, 1961: 191, 194, 201.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Alexander, 1962: 448.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Chopard, 1967: 55.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Chopard, 1967: 56.
Gryllus angustus Scudder, 1862 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Chopard, 1967: 56.
Gryllus arenaceus Blatchley, 1903 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Chopard, 1967: 56.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Chopard, 1967: 55.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Weissman, Rentz, Alexander & Loher, 1980: 350.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Vickery & Kevan, 1986: 292.
Acheta nigra Harris, 1841 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Vickery & Kevan, 1986: 292.
Gryllus abbreviatus Serville, 1838 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Vickery & Kevan, 1986: 292.
Gryllus angustus Scudder, 1862 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Vickery & Kevan, 1986: 292.
Gryllus arenaceus Blatchley, 1903 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Vickery & Kevan, 1986: 292.
Gryllus luctuosus Serville, 1838 (synonym of Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838) in Vickery & Kevan, 1986: 292.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Doherty & Storz, 1992: 555.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Murray & Cade, 1995
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Souroukis & Murray, 1995
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Bland, 2003: 176.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Hung & Prestwich, 2004: 231.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Capinera, Scott & Walker, 2004: 34, 194.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Ross, 2006

Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Judge & Bonanno, 2008
Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister, 1838 in Weissman & Gray, 2019: 48.

Nomenclature references (41)

Alexander, R.D. (1957) The taxonomy of the field crickets of the eastern United States (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Acheta). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50, 584–602. Available at http://orthsoc.org/sina/g464la57.pdf
Alexander, R.D. (1961) Aggressiveness, territoriality, and sexual behavior in field crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Behaviour, 17, 130–223.
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Alexander, R.D. (1962) Evolutionary change in cricket acoustical communication. Evolution, 16, 443–467. Available at http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu/walker/Buzz/k340la62b.pdf

Beutenmüller, W. (1894) Descriptive catalogue of the Orthoptera found within fifty miles of New York City. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 6(Article XII), 253–316, plates V-X. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1570

Bland, R.G. (2003) The Orthoptera of Michigan: Biology, Keys, and Descriptions of Grasshoppers, Katydids, and Crickets. Michigan State University Extension, 220 pp.

Blatchley, W.S. (1891) The Gryllidae of Indiana. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science, 1, 126–144. Available at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35349#page/136/mode/1up

Blatchley, W.S. (1903) The Orthoptera of Indiana. Annual Report of the Department of Geology and Natural Resources of Indiana [Orthoptera of Indiana], 27, 123–471. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/36406

Blatchley, W.S. (1920) Orthoptera of northeastern America with special reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publishing Co., Indianapolis, 781 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/16768

Burmeister, H.C.C. (1838) Kaukerfe, Gymnognatha (Erste Hälfte: Vulgo Orthoptera). In Handbuch der Entomologie. Theodor Christian Friedrich Enslin, Berlin. Vol. 2, Issue I-VIII, 397–756 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25467340#page/13/mode/1up

Capinera, J.L., Scott, R.D. & Walker, T.J. (2004) In Field Guide to Grasshoppers, Katydids, and Crickets of the United States. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 249 pp.

Caudell, A.N. (1903) Notes on Orthoptera from Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona and Texas with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 26, 775–809, Plate 55. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32571#page/903/mode/1up

Chopard, L. (1967) Gryllides. Fam. Gryllidae; Subfam. Gryllinae (Trib. Grymnogryllini, Gryllini, Gryllomorphini, Nemobiini). In Orthopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 10, pp. 213 pp.

Davis, W.T. (1889) List of the Orthoptera found on Staten Island. Entomologica Americana, 5, 78–81. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42392#page/86/mode/1up

de Saussure, H. (1877) Mélanges orthoptérologiques V. fascicule Gryllides. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève, 25(1), 169–504 [1–352]. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35307

Doherty, J.A. & Storz, M.M. (1992) Calling song and selective phonotaxis in the field crickets, Gryllus firmus and G. pennsylvanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Journal of Insect Behavior, 5(5), 555–569, illustr.

Fernald, C.H. (1888) The Orthoptera of New England. Wright & Potter Printing Company, Boston, 1–61 pp. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/35173

Folsom, J.W. (1934) Insectary Notes on the Field Cricket. Journal of Economic Entomology, 27(4), 744–745.

Harris, T.W. (1841) Insects of Massachusetts Injurious to Vegetation. Folsom, Wells & Thurton, Cambridge, MA, 459 pp. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/reportoninsectso01harr

Hung, Y.P. & Prestwich, K.N. (2004) Is significant acoustic energy found in the audible and ultrasonic harmonics in cricket calling songs? Journal of Orthoptera Research, 13(2), 231–238. Available at http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1665/1082-6467%282004%29013%5B0231%3AISAEFI%5D2.0.CO%3B2

Judge, K.A. & Bonanno, V.L. (2008) Male weaponry in a fighting cricket. PLoS One, 3(12). Available at http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0003980

Kirby, W.F. (1906) Orthoptera Saltatoria. Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae). In A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera (Orthoptera Saltatoria, Locustidae vel Acridiidae). British Museum (Natural History), London. Vol. 2, i-viii, 1–562. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/29662

Lord (1866) In The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. Vol. 1. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/naturalistinvan02lordgoog

Murray, A.M. & Cade, W.H. (1995) Differences in age structure among field cricket populations (Orthoptera; Gryllidae): possible influence of a sex biased parasitoid. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 73(7), 1207–1213.

Packard, A.S., Jr. (1870) In Guide to the study of insects and a treatise on those injurious and beneficial to crops. Available at http://books.google.com/books?id=CClOAAAAcAAJ

Rehn, J.A.G. (1903) A contribution to the knowledge of the Orthoptera of Mexico and Central America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 29(1), 1–34. Available at https://reader.library.cornell.edu/docviewer/digital?id=chla5077659_4239_001#page/6/mode/1up

Rehn, J.A.G. (1904) Notes on Orthoptera from Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 56, 562–575. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30096#page/612/mode/1up

Rehn, J.A.G. (1907) Records of Orthoptera from the vicinity of Brownsville, Texas. Entomological News, 18, 209–212. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84871#page/243/mode/1up

Ross, C.L. (2006) Ant predation as a selective agent on overwintering eggs in a field cricket mosaic hybrid zone. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 15(1), 13–21. Available at http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1665/1082-6467%282006%2915%5B13%3AAPAASA%5D2.0.CO%3B2

Scudder, S.H. & Cockerell, T.D.A. (1902) A first list of the Orthoptera of New Mexico. Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, 9, 1–60. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88768#page/23/mode/1up

Scudder, S.H. (1862) Materials for a monograph of the North American Orthoptera including a catalogue of the known New England species. Boston Journal of Natural History, 7(3), 409–480. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/materialsformono00scudrich

Scudder, S.H. (1869) Catalogue of the Orthoptera of North America described previous to 1867. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 8, 89 pp. Available at http://books.google.com/books?id=llgtAAAAIAAJ

Scudder, S.H. (1878) The Florida Orthoptera collected by Mr. J. H. Comstock. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 19, 80–94. [1877] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/130632#page/92/mode/1up

Scudder, S.H. (1901) Alphabetical index to North American Orthoptera described in the eighteenth and nineteenth centures. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 1–436. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/31824#page/15/mode/1up

Scudder, S.H. (1901) The species of Gryllus on the Pacific Coast. Psyche, a Journal of Entomology, 9(307), 267–270. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42922#page/285/mode/1up

Scudder, S.H. (1902) The species of Gryllus found in the United States east of the Sierra Nevadas. Psyche, a Journal of Entomology, 9(309), 291–296. Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/42922#page/309/mode/1up

Serville, J.G.A. (1838) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthoptères. Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, i-xviii, 1–776, pl. 1–14. [1839] Available at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/54314

Souroukis, K. & Murray, A.M. (1995) Female mating behavior in the field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) at different operational sex ratios. Journal of Insect Behavior, 8(2), 269–279.

Vickery, V.R. & Kevan, D.K.M.E. (1986) The grasshoppers, crickets, and related insects of Canada and adjacent regions. Ulonata: Dermaptera, Cheleutoptera, Notoptera, Dictuoptera, Grylloptera, and Orthoptera. The Insects and Arachnids of Canada, 14, 1–918. Available at http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/aac-aafc/agrhist/A42-42-1985-14-eng.pdf

Walker, F. (1869) In Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum. London. Vol. 1, 1–224 pp. Available at http://www.archive.org/details/catalogueofspeci01britrich

Weissman, D.B. & Gray, D.A. (2019) Crickets of the genus Gryllus in the United States (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Zootaxa, 4705(1), 1–277.
Weissman, D.B., Rentz, D.C.F., Alexander, R.D. & Loher, W. (1980) Field crickets (Gryllus and Acheta) of California and Baja California, Mexico (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 106, 327–356.

Descendants and synonyms

Stats

Summary of taxonomic names by rank, showing valid extant names, fossil names, invalid names, and total counts.
Taxon	Valid names
Rank	Extant	Fossil	Invalid	Total
species	1	0	9	10